Tikal
TIKAL NATIONAL PARK,
Tikal National Park is the largest excavated site in the American continent. It is Gautemala’s most famous cultural and natural preserve. The park encompasses 575 square kilometers of jungle and thousands of ruined structures. Tikal was declared a national park in 1955 and UNESCO designated the park a world heritage site in 1979. Tikal is also part of the one-million-hectare Maya Biosphere Reserve created in 1990 to protect the dense forests of the Petén, which started to disappear at an alarming rate due to population pressures, illegal logging and slash-and-burn agriculture particles.
The park grew into an important ceremonial, cultural, and commercial center over the centuries and was gradually reclaimed by the jungle. Hernan Cortes, the conqueror of Mexico, and his motley band of conquistadors marched by Tikal in 1525, but they failed to see its temples concealed by 40-metre-tall silk, cotton, cedar and mahogany trees.
The Museum of the University of Pennsylvania and the Guatemalan Institute of Anthropology and History restored Tikal’s structures to their current condition during the 1950s and 1960s.Today, Tikal is to Guatemala what the Great Pyramids are to Egypt, a national symbol and a source of pride in the past.
Enormous trees still shroud Tikal’s buildings, which cluster in groups reached by wide causeways meandering through the tropical forest, which are home to toucans, parrots, wild turkeys, howler monkeys, raccoon- like coatmundis and countless other creatures.
Dozens of stone pillars known as stelae, each one paired with a circular altar, stand in rows throughout the plaza and along surroundings terraces. Carvings and glyphs commemorating important dates and the great deeds of Tikal’s rulers still adorn many of these weathered monoliths.
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